Poland’s demographic crisis deepened in 2025, with a net population loss of 157,000, shrinking the nation to 37.33 million—a 0.42% drop from 2024’s 0.39%. Official data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS) reveals a natural balance of -168,000: just 238,000 births (down 14,000 from 2024) against 406,000 deaths (down 3,000). This marks the 13th straight year of more deaths than births, with the gap widening by over 11,000 and hitting its worst since the 2021 pandemic peak.
The age structure tells a grim story: 24.2% are now retirement-age (up from 22.2% in 2020 and 12.8% in 1990), while the working-age share dipped to 58.1% (from 59.4% in 2020). Children under 18 comprise only 17.7% (down from 18.4% in 2020 and 29% in 1990). The dependency ratio stands at 72 non-working per 100 working-age—mirroring 1990 but now skewed toward 42 retirees versus 30 youth, straining pensions, healthcare, and labor markets amid record employment driven by extended retiree work and female participation.
GUS’s November 2025 projections warn of a plunge to 29.4 million by 2060 under persistent low fertility—1.5 million below 2023 forecasts. Factors include decades of rock-bottom birth rates, a dwindling reproductive-age cohort, high youth emigration, economic insecurity, soaring housing costs, and restrictive abortion laws that deter family formation. Government tweaks like child benefits have failed to stem the tide, exposing the folly of leftist policies that undermine traditional families.
GUS notes: “The low fertility rate… will continue to contribute to low birth rates, especially in the context of the systematic decline in the number of women of reproductive age… further exacerbated by… emigration abroad.” This accelerating decline demands bold pro-family reforms: incentives for marriage, larger families, and protections for the unborn to reverse the cultural erosion and secure Poland’s future heritage.