{"id":7560,"date":"2020-02-01T13:29:32","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T18:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/?p=7560"},"modified":"2020-02-01T13:29:36","modified_gmt":"2020-02-01T18:29:36","slug":"le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant","title":{"rendered":"Le dragon chinois n&rsquo;a pas d&rsquo;enfant"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>L&rsquo;hiver d\u00e9mographique p\u00e8se sur la Chine, comme le ciel, jaune et gris de pollution, p\u00e8se sur P\u00e9kin. Les couples chinois en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er ne suivent pas l&rsquo;\u00e2ge croissant de la population et le renouvellement des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. Ils n&rsquo;ont pas d&rsquo;enfants, du moins pas assez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es publi\u00e9es par le <a href=\"https:\/\/bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-51145251\">National Bureau of Statistics<\/a> sont importantes. En 2019, le taux de natalit\u00e9 \u00e9tait de 10,48 naissances pour 1 000 habitants, atteignant <a href=\"https:\/\/tempi.it\/cina-demografia-natalita-fecondita-figli\/\">le plus bas niveau depuis 1949<\/a>, l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e de naissance de la R\u00e9publique populaire de Chine: 14,65 millions d&rsquo;enfants sont n\u00e9s, 580 000 de moins que l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, 2018. Par rapport \u00e0 2017, les naissances chut\u00e9 de 2,5 millions: des chiffres impressionnants, au bord de la d\u00e9natalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Des chiffres similaires n&rsquo;avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s que pendant le grand bond en avant (1958-1961), lorsque Mao Zedong (1893-1976) et sa politique \u00e9conomique insens\u00e9e pour d\u00e9velopper l&rsquo;appareil industriel du pays avaient affam\u00e9 des millions de citoyens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les projections indiquent que d&rsquo;ici 2030, <a href=\"https:\/\/ilsole24ore.com\/art\/il-calo-nascite-spaventa-pechino-AEl5NRJH?refresh_ce=1\">au moins un quart de la population chinoise aura plus de 60 ans<\/a>, contre 18% en 2019 et 13% en 2010, entra\u00eenant un effondrement de la disponibilit\u00e9 de la main-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre et des co\u00fbts sociaux exorbitants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C&rsquo;est ce qui inqui\u00e8te P\u00e9kin: la Chine ne peut y faire face, \u00e0 moins qu&rsquo;elle ne puisse compter sur d&rsquo;\u00e9normes masses de travailleurs \u00e0 bas prix et \u00e0 haut rendement. Sinon, comment pourriez-vous construire un h\u00f4pital en dix jours, comme c&rsquo;est le cas actuellement pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l&rsquo;urgence du coronavirus en provenance de Wuhan?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et ce n&rsquo;est pas tout. Le <a href=\"https:\/\/aspeniaonline.it\/la-cina-nellinverno-demografico\/\">syst\u00e8me de retraite<\/a> est en crise: l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de la retraite est extr\u00eamement bas (60 ans hommes, 50 ou 55 femmes selon le type de t\u00e2ches), ainsi que le montant de la subvention. Une vague de yuans sort des caisses de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat pour payer les pensions, mais les retrait\u00e9s ont besoin de l&rsquo;aide de leurs enfants pour survivre: comment feront-ils lorsque ces enfants qui versent des pensions et aident leurs parents ne seront plus l\u00e0 ou ne seront plus assez nombreux?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D&rsquo;abord la politique de l&rsquo;enfant unique, puis l&rsquo;h\u00e9donisme<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;une des raisons du d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mographique est certainement la politique de l&rsquo;enfant unique, \u00e9tablie en 1980 par Deng Xiaoping (1904-1997) et abrog\u00e9e seulement \u00e0 partir de 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/lanuovabq.it\/it\/cina-due-figli-unici-saranno-consentiti\">lorsque le r\u00e9gime a permis aux couples d&rsquo;avoir deux \u00ab\u00a0enfants uniques\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>, apr\u00e8s avoir cr\u00e9\u00e9, au fil des ans, un gouffre d&rsquo;au moins 400 millions enfants non n\u00e9s. D&rsquo;importantes sanctions \u00e9conomiques continuent d&rsquo;\u00eatre appliqu\u00e9es pour les couples qui con\u00e7oivent un troisi\u00e8me enfant. L&rsquo;abrogation de la loi n&rsquo;a cependant pas donn\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats escompt\u00e9s: la population ne cro\u00eet pas et les couples renoncent \u00e0 donner naissance \u00e0 leurs enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais on ne peut ignorer un autre aspect qui concerne les grandes villes modernes et leur classe sup\u00e9rieure (ou \u00abwannabe\u00bb): les mentalit\u00e9s ont chang\u00e9. Tout comme en Occident, maintenant qu&rsquo;il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli sans \u00e9quivoque que \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;enrichissement est glorieux\u00a0\u00bb, comme l&rsquo;a dit Deng, la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui devrait aujourd&rsquo;hui se pr\u00e9occuper de la prochaine est occup\u00e9e par autre chose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ceci est confirm\u00e9 par des \u00e9tudes marketing. D\u00e9j\u00e0, l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de l&rsquo;analyste Tom Nunlist datant de 2018: \u00ab\u00a0L&rsquo;\u00e9volution des consommateurs chinois: huit portraits\u00a0\u00bb  (\u00e9tude sur laquelle porte notamment la brillante <a href=\"https:\/\/china-files.com\/ritratti-intimi-di-consumatori-cinesi\/\">analyse<\/a> du sp\u00e9cialiste italien Nicoletta Ferro dans <em>China Files<\/em>), a d\u00e9fini un type tr\u00e8s particulier de clients. Ce sont des jeunes, c\u00e9libataires ou vivant en couple, qui vivent dans les grandes villes, qui sont \u00ab\u00a0dans leur carri\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb et qui aiment un m\u00e9tier qui leur permet d&rsquo;imaginer un avenir de d\u00e9fi sans d\u00e9sir d&rsquo;enfant, ou du moins pas plus d&rsquo;un . Cela se passe \u00e9galement dans un contexte de comp\u00e9tition sociale et de lutte pour la richesse, o\u00f9 les meilleures \u00e9coles sont tr\u00e8s ch\u00e8res et o\u00f9 la demande de performance est effrayante, \u00e0 tous les niveaux. C&rsquo;est une niche, bien s\u00fbr, mais parfois les \u00e9lites (\u00e0 quelque titre que ce soit) tracent le chemin. L&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de P\u00e9kin grandit. L&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e populaire nationale s&rsquo;en occupera-t-elle en mars? Mais le vrai pari est: comment?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les couples en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er n&rsquo;ont pas assez d&rsquo;enfants . La situation est d&rsquo;ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 intenable<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":5938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"Les couples en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er n'ont pas assez d'enfants . La situation est d'ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 intenable","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[809,819],"tags":[1024],"class_list":["post-7560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-foreground-fr","category-vie","tag-chine"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le dragon chinois n&#039;a pas d&#039;enfant - IFN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le dragon chinois n&#039;a pas d&#039;enfant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les couples en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er n&#039;ont pas assez d&#039;enfants . La situation est d&#039;ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 intenable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IFN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/iFamNews\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-02-01T18:29:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-01T18:29:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/download-e1676741417350.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"272\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"186\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Barbara Santambrogio\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@iFamNewsEN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@iFamNewsEN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Barbara Santambrogio\n\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Le dragon chinois n'a pas d'enfant - IFN","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Le dragon chinois n'a pas d'enfant","og_description":"Les couples en \u00e2ge de procr\u00e9er n'ont pas assez d'enfants . La situation est d'ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 intenable","og_url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant","og_site_name":"IFN","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/iFamNews","article_published_time":"2020-02-01T18:29:32+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-02-01T18:29:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":272,"height":186,"url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/download-e1676741417350.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Barbara Santambrogio","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@iFamNewsEN","twitter_site":"@iFamNewsEN","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Barbara Santambrogio\n","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant"},"author":{"name":"Barbara Santambrogio","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/17118599da2799311b3611609a244572"},"headline":"Le dragon chinois n&rsquo;a pas d&rsquo;enfant","datePublished":"2020-02-01T18:29:32+00:00","dateModified":"2020-02-01T18:29:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant"},"wordCount":734,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/download-e1676741417350.jpg","keywords":["Chine"],"articleSection":["Foreground","Vie"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant","url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/le-dragon-chinois-na-pas-denfant","name":"Le dragon chinois n'a pas d'enfant - 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Today she writes (for the web, but not only), deals with translations and teaches in elementary school. Biological and adoptive mother, she loves reading and running.","url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/author\/bsantambrogio"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7560"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7564,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7560\/revisions\/7564"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}