{"id":60617,"date":"2021-03-18T09:24:30","date_gmt":"2021-03-18T13:24:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/?p=60617"},"modified":"2021-03-23T16:25:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-23T20:25:00","slug":"understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins","title":{"rendered":"\u201cUnderstanding sex and gender\u201d\u2014part three: the Frankenstein twins"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"last-updated\">Last updated on March 23rd, 2021 at 04:25 pm<\/p>\n<p>[<em>This is the third installment in a five-part essay exploring the history of the concept of \u201cgender\u201d in its origins and stages of development. Part one&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-one-a-brief-semantic-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">can be found here<\/a>, and part two <a href=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-two-nature-nurture-neologism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">can be found here<\/a>.<\/em>\u2014Ed.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our previous parts, we observed (in <a href=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-one-a-brief-semantic-history\/\">part one<\/a>) how the word \u201cgender\u201d originally was associated with linguistic phenomena, but how (in <a href=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-two-nature-nurture-neologism\/\">part two<\/a>) the 20th century saw the term taking on new meaning related to humans\u2019 \u201croles\u201d in their society, eventually being stretched so far that it seemed to overtake biology entirely (through interrogating the \u201cgender roles\u201d of biological realities like motherhood and fatherhood!).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this part, we will look at how \u201cgender theory\u201d came full circle, as it were, with biology appearing to gain ascendancy once again\u2014but in a very unlikely and problematic way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Speaking of the most recent innovations in the field of \u201cgender theory,\u201d it would not be an overstatement to say that the latest shift in the theoretical framework has been a full-scale revolution: a tectonic shift that has remade gender theory entirely, from its very foundations. Indeed, an outside observer coming to the thing fresh would hardly recognize the relation of the modern concept to the original theory, because in some ways it looks like the very concept of \u201cgender\u201d has been entirely unmade! Really, however, what we have seen in the past couple decades is the natural consequence of the flaws with the theory in its origins. Owing to hazily defined terms and the lack of clear distinctions, it isn\u2019t really accurate to say that biological sex has risen Pheonix-like from the ashes to reconquer the social role conception of gender. It is truer to say, rather, that \u201csex\u201d and \u201cgender\u201d each have \u201cput on drag,\u201d dressing like one another until both have become creepy, uncanny chimeras, neither resembling the original concepts. They are ideological Frankenstein twin monsters, mutually cobbled together from bits of one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The modern move to re-integrate \u201cgender\u201d and \u201csex\u201d\u2014the socially-constructed and the biologically-determined realms\u2014into a cohesive unity is not at all hard to demonstrate. Take, for example, a particular chapter from a 2020 book with the laborious title, <a href=\"https:\/\/sciencedirect.com\/book\/9780128159682\/the-plasticity-of-sex\"><em>The Plasticity of Sex: The Molecular Biology and Clinical Features of Genomic Sex, Gender Identity and Sexual Behavior<\/em><\/a>. In the abstract of that chapter (headed \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780128159682000098\">Biological basis of gender identity<\/a>\u201d), the authors write:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>In the past, gender identity was thought to be influenced only by social and familial factors. However, growing evidence has led to a new conception of psychosexual development as a result of genetic, hormonal, and psychosocial influences. Recent studies have shown the possible role and interaction of neuroanatomic, hormonal, and genetic factors. The sexually dimorphic brain is considered the anatomical substrate of psychosexual development, on which genes and gonadal hormones\u2014both during intrauterine and pubertal periods\u2014have a shaping effect.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[Note, incidentally, the reference to \u201cthe sexually dimorphic brain\u201d\u2014it will bear recalling in the future.] <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, let\u2019s remind ourselves, that in its <em>origins, <\/em>\u201cgender theory\u201d posited the <strong><em>distinction <\/em><\/strong>or indeed the (at least conceptual) <strong><em>difference<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em>between \u201csex\u201d and \u201cgender.\u201d In fact, this difference was the very basis on which gender theory was built and developed in its nascent expressions. The term \u201cgender role,\u201d as coined by John Money in 1955, was intended by him to mean, \u201call those things that a person says or does to disclose himself or herself as having the status of boy or man, girl or woman.\u201d And when it came to accounting for things like transsexualism or what would come to be called \u201cgender identity disorder,\u201d typically these cases were described as instances where gender and sex, because they were distinct, were <em>different<\/em> in the individual and did not align with one another. But in these later years, we have seen the move to speaking of \u201cgender identities\u201d being really founded upon biological sex, in \u201canatomical substrate[s]\u201d like the brain, except that &#8220;sex&#8221; is now something that admits of degrees and is &#8220;on a spectrum&#8221; rather than a binary reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The importance of this shift toward replacing \u201csex\u201d as the foundation of the theory of gender cannot be overstated. <\/strong>It is a matter of more than mere semantics. It is, instead, the apotheosis and totalizing of \u201cgender\u201d as the paradigmatic root concept at the base not only of sciences like psychology and sociology, but of &#8220;harder&#8221; sciences as well: fields like biology and endocrinology, for instance\u2014and, increasingly (and ominously), in the fields of <strong><em>law<\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em>policy<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While proponents will simply say they are \u201cfollowing the science,\u201d this shift in the very structural basis of gender theory has titanic consequences. It\u2019s hard to argue with \u201cscience,\u201d after all; and long have LGBT activists known the power of the argument that a person is \u201cborn this way.\u201d Indeed, the paradigm shift toward a biological basis for \u201cnon-conforming\u201d \u201cgender identities\u201d is <em>so <\/em>well-suited to the goals of transgender activists, that one really must wonder which came first. Was it really that the (supposed) scientific evidence <strong>led<\/strong> toward this new understanding? Or is it the case that the cultural goals of the pressure groups needed a new framework of justification, and so new &#8220;science&#8221; was \u201cfound\u201d (manufactured) to fit the demand? The question is merited, because this wouldn&#8217;t be the first time in which a scientific field became fundamentally politicized and a scientific &#8220;consensus&#8221; arose that was surprisingly fitted to the foregoing fads of policy makers: consider, for example, the craze of apocalyptic warnings <a href=\"https:\/\/web.sas.upenn.edu\/earthdayproject\/\">stemming from the first Earth Day in 1970<\/a> about &#8220;the population bomb&#8221; and the imminent doom of organic life on the planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Appreciating the novelty and scope of the new craze in &#8220;gender theory&#8221; about disparate &#8220;gender identities&#8221; being founded in biology is critical to understanding the rapid changes in what treatment courses are recommended, and for what age groups, and a host of other tremendous questions. Consider: <em>if<\/em>, as historical \u201cgender theory\u201d posited, \u201cgender\u201d and \u201csex\u201d were distinct and separate, why would <strong><em>biological <\/em><\/strong>interventions be considered justifiable (let alone <em>necessary<\/em>) in caring for those suffering from problems relating to \u201c<strong><em>gender<\/em><\/strong>\u201d?&nbsp; If gender were simply a \u201csocial construction,\u201d then why would the <em>physical <\/em>construction of a pseudo-phallus and other anatomical simulacra, achieved by means of long series (sometimes several dozens) of dangerous surgeries be merited? If \u201csocial roles&#8221; were the real problem, then why wouldn\u2019t the girl who felt more like a boy simply be advised to shirk the social conventions of &#8220;boyhood&#8221; and &#8220;girlhood&#8221; as a manifestation of her \u201cgirl power,&#8221; rather than be told she actually needs to &#8220;become&#8221; a boy (as if that were really possible)? The answer, of course, is that these drastic measures are <strong><em>not<\/em><\/strong> easily justified within the previous framework of &#8220;gender as social construct&#8221;. <strong>That\u2019s why, for the giddy activists, the framework had to change; and so it did.<\/strong> Accordingly, by collapsing gender and sex into an enmeshed unity through the continued exploitation of the \u201chermeneutics of confusion,\u201d a panoply a new recourses became not only justifiable for the doctors and special interest groups, but \u201cproper\u201d and \u201cnecessary\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, we should note how very <em>quickly <\/em>the foundations of the discourse shifted, according to the need of the gender theorist, in order to keep any would-be critics back-footed in the discussion. &#8220;Sex reassignment surgery,&#8221; for example, very quietly and very speedily, with apparently universal consent, has suddenly become &#8220;<strong>gender affirmation surgery.<\/strong>&#8221; No one batted an eye! Yet, a couple decades ago, this linguistic change would have been seen by academic \u201cgender theorists\u201d as a denial of the very central concept of the theory! Nevermind that even today it remains the case that, despite the new <em>name <\/em>of &#8220;gender affirmation,&#8221; the actual <em>surgery <\/em>is most certainly <em>sexual <\/em>and <em>biological<\/em>, as are its consequences. The patient might be rendered perpetually infertile, for instance, and spend his or her whole life dependent upon exogenous hormones for the proper functioning of his or her anatomy. <em>These <\/em>are not \u201csocial constructions,\u201d are they? Furthermore, it is worth noting as well that gender activists will still happily speak of the &#8220;social construct&#8221; idea, when it is more suited to their whims in the moment. <em>They want, and somehow have managed, to have it both ways.<\/em> The critic of gender theory must always realize that she is up against a twin ideology, a tag-teaming and mendacious opponent, that can change the parameters of the discussion at any moment to gain the upper hand. That the two ideas are not only distinct but in many ways contradictory of one another does not matter for much in practice: what the declared alliance means in the upshot for the critic is simply falling afoul of a dual charge of being both &#8220;anti-science&#8221; and &#8220;transphobic&#8221;! What needs to be done if critics are to advance their cause is to more clearly exploit the internal contradictions within this twin ideology, even to turn the two sides of the monstrous team against one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So,<em> <\/em>biology has not really reasserted itself in the conversation at all. \u201cGender\u201d has simply won a more complete victory than was ever previously imagined. In our next part, we will consider this matter further, and look at how the new \u201cbiological basis\u201d of gender is simply the dressing up of radical gender theory in scientific jargon. And we will show how deeply rooted the contradictions run in this new conception, and how we might expose them.<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- Widget Shortcode --><!-- \/Widget Shortcode -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How the conquest of biology by &#8220;gender&#8221; became a rout.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":60627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"How the conquest of biology by \"gender\" became a rout.","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":"","sponsored_post_label":"","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"511"},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[511,805,695],"tags":[9123,6981,4322,4861,7186,2889],"class_list":["post-60617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-foreground","category-opinion","tag-understanding-sex-and-gender","tag-biological-sex","tag-gender-identity","tag-gender-ideology","tag-lgbt-ideology","tag-sexual-revolution"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201cUnderstanding sex and gender\u201d\u2014part three: the Frankenstein twins - IFN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cUnderstanding sex and gender\u201d\u2014part three: the Frankenstein twins\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How the conquest of biology by &quot;gender&quot; became a rout.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IFN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/iFamNews\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/fb.com\/JoeyG2001\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-03-18T13:24:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-03-23T20:25:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/janus-faces-cropped.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Joseph Grabowski\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/ArthurInglewood\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@iFamNewsEN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Joseph Grabowski\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u201cUnderstanding sex and gender\u201d\u2014part three: the Frankenstein twins - IFN","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u201cUnderstanding sex and gender\u201d\u2014part three: the Frankenstein twins","og_description":"How the conquest of biology by \"gender\" became a rout.","og_url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins","og_site_name":"IFN","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/iFamNews","article_author":"https:\/\/fb.com\/JoeyG2001","article_published_time":"2021-03-18T13:24:30+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-03-23T20:25:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/janus-faces-cropped.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Joseph Grabowski","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/ArthurInglewood","twitter_site":"@iFamNewsEN","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Joseph Grabowski","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins"},"author":{"name":"Joseph Grabowski","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/30305f5661b96ab7ae4c4cabd3631ed4"},"headline":"\u201cUnderstanding sex and gender\u201d\u2014part three: the Frankenstein twins","datePublished":"2021-03-18T13:24:30+00:00","dateModified":"2021-03-23T20:25:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins"},"wordCount":1588,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/janus-faces-cropped.png","keywords":["\"Understanding sex and gender\"","biological sex","Gender identity","gender ideology","LGBT ideology","Sexual revolution"],"articleSection":["Culture","Foreground","Opinion"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins","url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins","name":"\u201cUnderstanding sex and gender\u201d\u2014part three: the Frankenstein twins - IFN","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/janus-faces-cropped.png","datePublished":"2021-03-18T13:24:30+00:00","dateModified":"2021-03-23T20:25:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/janus-faces-cropped.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/janus-faces-cropped.png","width":1200,"height":675},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/understanding-sex-and-gender-part-three-the-frankenstein-twins#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u041a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430","item":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/sr\/kategorija\/kultura-sr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u201cUnderstanding sex and gender\u201d\u2014part three: the Frankenstein twins"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/","name":"IFN","description":"International Family News Network","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#organization","name":"iFamNews","url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Share-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Share-logo.png","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"iFamNews"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/iFamNews","https:\/\/x.com\/iFamNewsEN"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/30305f5661b96ab7ae4c4cabd3631ed4","name":"Joseph Grabowski","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/da56cd73ef38f2251d2a2f26456356b62cf59dd9ce3c93148cd2267f6819255e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/da56cd73ef38f2251d2a2f26456356b62cf59dd9ce3c93148cd2267f6819255e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/da56cd73ef38f2251d2a2f26456356b62cf59dd9ce3c93148cd2267f6819255e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Joseph Grabowski"},"description":"Joseph Grabowski was the Executive Director of the International Organization for the Family until August 2022. He also served as Director of Communications for the National Organization for Marriage. Joseph has a B.A. in Philosophy from Saint Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook and M.A. in English from Marquette University.\u00a0 Joe has appeared as an expert on traditional marriage and family in local and nationwide media, including\u00a0The New York Times,\u00a0The Washington Post,\u00a0The Boston Globe,\u00a0Breitbart, and elsewhere. Joe\u2019s writings on traditional marriage and family, as well as on Catholic Social Teaching and the writings of G. K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc, have appeared in\u00a0The Stream,\u00a0Gilbert\u00a0Magazine,\u00a0Ethika Politika, and\u00a0The Distributist Review, and he has spoken at several national conferences on the place of G.K. Chesterton in 20th Century literature and thought.","sameAs":["https:\/\/joegrabowski.com","https:\/\/fb.com\/JoeyG2001","https:\/\/linkedin.com\/in\/josephlgrabowski\/","https:\/\/x.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/ArthurInglewood"],"url":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/author\/jgrabowski"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60617"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60617\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61989,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60617\/revisions\/61989"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ifamnews.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}